In September 1939, the Third Reich and the Soviet Union launched the Second World War by attacking Poland. Most Polish patriots logically concluded that their homeland had two totalitarian enemies: Hitler and Stalin. In Michelangelo in Ravensbrück a professor of art history at the John Casimir University in Lwów, Countess Karolina Lanckoronska, recounts her amazing contributions to the struggle against them.

Dr. Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, IWP Dean and Professor of History, offers a fascinating summary of her work in this review essay. To read the essay, please click on "PDF" at the top of this page.