This course focuses on a long-neglected subject the importance of which continues, but with different emphasis, in the post-Soviet era. It examines: the relationships between counterintelligence and intelligence, counterespionage, counterterrorism, internal security, and security countermeasures; the role of counterintelligence as a component of national security policy; the unique nature of counterintelligence analysis; the problem of deception; and the range of counterintelligence activities pursued by various states – from the aggressive to the strictly defensive.